akba boswellic acid

 Lycopene, lycopene) widely exists in the tomato, tomato products and fruit such as watermelon, grapefruit, is the main pigments in the ripe tomatoes, also is one of common carotenoids. In 1989, MASCIO found that lycopene in all carotenoids of singlet oxygen quenching the highest activity. Then, the function of lycopene research become a hot spot, the research content involves the absorption and metabolism of lycopene, lycopene reduces prostate cancer and other tumors and the risk of cardiovascular disease, as well as the akba boswellic acid extraction and determination method of lycopene. At present, not only has been widely used as a natural pigment of lycopene, and it has been increasingly used in functional food, medicine and cosmetics.
Lycopene is a kind of unsaturated alkenes, is the main pigments in the ripe tomatoes, also is one of common carotenoids. Lycopene has no beta carotene beta zhi muscone ring structure, so it cannot be converted into vitamin A in the body, do not belong to the provitamin A. The formula for C40H56, there are a number of cis trans isomer. Lycopene is a fat-soluble substances, poorly soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, soluble in ether, petroleum ether, hexane and acetone, soluble in chloroform, carbon disulfide, benzene and other organic solvents. Lycopene molecules in 11 conjugated double bond and 2 non conjugated double bond, so its stability is poor, prone to cis trans isomerization reaction and oxidation degradation. Factors affecting the stability of lycopene including oxygen, light, heat, acid, metal ions, oxidant and antioxidant, etc.
Lycopene absorptivity alpha-carotene carnosic acid price and beta carotene, but also is affected by many factors. Cis configuration than the trans configuration of lycopene is easier to absorb. For the most part of the existence of natural lycopene is all trans configuration, and in human tissue is mostly cis configuration (> 50%), and the body of lycopene proportion of cis configuration is not according to the differences of dietary lycopene configuration change. Think at present, trans configuration of lycopene in absorption before that most for cis in gastrointestinal allosteric configurations. The protein carotene compounds in food, a large number of soluble dietary fiber (if glue), combined with cholesterol and resin, as well as a lack of iron, zinc and protein, intestinal diseases and so on all may interfere with the absorption of lycopene.
Hot working part of natural lycopene can be transformed into cis trans structure structure, and lipid food matrix can promote the release of lycopene, add oil after heat treatment of lycopene than unprocessed glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate lycopene is easier to absorb.
Different human trials reported, the half life of lycopene in 2 ~ 3 days to 10 ~ 33 days. Lycopene general nutritional status can be judged by serum concentration of lycopene. More American adults serum lycopene content between 0.42 ~ 0.47 u mol/L, but in our country and dietary structure, the European and American countries and lycopene intake differences, it is lack of lycopene content in the serum of residents in our country the system basic data, have been reported for a community of Shanghai 30 ~ 69 adults, a 92 - year - old serum samples were determined, lycopene content of an average of about 0.32 mu g/mL (about 0.59 mu mol/L).
Lycopene in the human body is mainly distributed in the adrenal gland and testis, distribution of the liver, adipose tissue, prostate and ovarian more also. Failed to measure the lycopene in brain tissue (hint it may not be able to tannic acid astringent cross the blood-brain barrier into the brain tissue). Lycopene concentration in blood and tissue are positively correlated in certain dose range. The human body contains some carotenoids is about 50% of lycopene, and lycopene is human milk contains one of the major carotenoids.
Of lycopene metabolites in the body is still poorly understood, only in human serum, skin and breast milk of metabolites detected two oxidation, namely, 5, 6 - dihydroxy - 5 or 6 dihydro lycopene and 1, 5-2-2, 6 - epoxy lycopene. Presumably epoxide, lycopene may first oxidation generated are restored, and then generate 5 or 6 - dihydroxy - 5 or 6 - dihydro lycopene. Lycopene which are not absorbed mainly through feces excretion, distribution in parts of the skin can be lost because of epidermal keratinization, fall off.